Definition: A special type of chromosome abnormality caused by two individual chromosomes joining together to form a new fused chromosome called a translocation. Only certain specific chromosomes can form Robertsonian translocations -- chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22. If a number 21 chromosome is involved in forming a translocation, this can cause Down syndrome.
Pronunciation: Robert zone ee an trans-lo-kay-shun
Examples:
A Robertsonian translocation between the number 14 chromosome and the number 21 chromosome, resulted in a new fused chromosome causing the individual to have Down syndrome.
